Radius Infratel Pvt. Ltd.


The fiber network which connects the operator’s premises and subscriber’s premises can be deployed in the following different topologies: “Point-to-Point” (P2P, Pt-Pt, or PtP) network provides optical fiber paths from a communication node to a single premises, such that the optical paths are dedicated to traffic to and from this single location. “Point-to-Multipoint” (P2MP, PTMP, or PMP) network provides optical fiber branching out from a communication node to more than one premises such that a portion of the optical path is shared by traffic to and from multiple premises. In generic terms this is a tree topology. “Ring” network refers to a sequence of optical fiber paths in a closed loop that connects a series of more than one communication node. In this, data travels around in a circular fashion with each device on the right acting as a repeater to keep the signal strong as it travels. Each device incorporates a receiver for the incoming signal and a transmitter to send the data on to the next device in the ring. “Premises” is defined as the subscriber’s home or a small business. In a multi-dwelling unit, each apartment is counted as one premises. “Subscriber” is the consumer within a premises that is connected to a FTTH/B-network and uses at least one service on this connection under a commercial contract. Optical Line Terminal (OLT) perform conversion between the electrical signals used by the service provider's equipment and the fiber optic signals used by a passive optical network. These are located in telephone exchanges and other network offices. Optical Network Terminals (ONT) are devices that transform incoming optical signals into electronic signals at a customer's premises in order to provide various services over an optical fiber network. Hybrid fiber coaxial (HFC) is a term for a broadband network which combines optical fibre and coaxial cables. Pedestals and larger Fiber Distribution Hubs are enclosures close to the user premises. They can hold beam splitters that take the signal from one fiber that extends back to the central office, and divides it (typically 8:1 up to 32:1 but as much as 64:1) among fibers that go to individual dwelling units. Pedestals and hubs can be below ground, above ground, or attached to buildings. Connections and splits can also be made in boxes hung under roof eaves, in attics or basements, on telephone poles, or on what look like power lines or phone lines. For better reliability, many contractors bring two fibers into each dwelling unit from the pedestal, not one. The fibers leading from the hub or pedestal to the user premises is called the drop cable.